Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children Essay

Pervasive Developmental Disorders is the umbrella term for   neuro-developmental disorder exhibited in children which is characterized by language deficits, impaired social skills and abnormal behavior. PDDs include PDD-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome, Autism-, Chidhood Disintegrative-, and Rett Disorder. Increase patterns of autism disorders for the past 15 yrs at England may indicate changes in PDD and the study attempted PPD estimation in a defined geographic region.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Population under case study were obtained from child center developments Stafford, Cannock, and Wightwick in the Midlands, England from July 1998 to June 1999 with a target population of 15, 500 children born on and between January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1995, that were identified as residents for the specified area on June 6, 1998. Case identification for the disease proceeded by four consecutive stages. Stage 1 was primarily concerned with screening by health practitioners and/or pediatricians at 0 wk, 6 wk, 6-9 mo, 18-24 mo, and 3.25-3.50 yr and then their subsequent referrals for the possible children displaying the symptoms for the disease. five hundred seventy-six underwent this stage. The referred children undergo secondary screening, â€Å"Stage 2†, under the trained eye of a child development physician or a child development teamand when they have failed the test, they will undergo subsequent 2 wk assessment conducted by a multidisciplinary team —speech and language therapist, pediatric physical therapist, occupational therapist, dental nurse, nutritionist, and a nurse specialist in PDDs and associated intervention— using 2-hr activity and play to make PDD diagnosis. For stage 3, one hundred three children were diagnosed with PDD and 95 % of them underwent Stage 4. Parents naturally accompany their children during the activities. Strong suspects for the disease were further assessed (stage 4), with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised algorithm by developmental physicians and those positive for the disease undergo further psychometric assessment— Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the Merrill-Palmer—conducted by a senior educational psychologist. Final diagnosis were carried out using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to classify the PDD type of disorder. To test reliability of the study, blinding of 3 trained raters for the 38 AD-R tapes were carried out and then assessed for intraclass correlation coefficiency ( Ï social interaction=0.82; Ï verbal c. = 0.85, Ï non-verbal=0.87; Ï repetitive behavior =0.59, ÃŽ £=0.86) and personal assements. Results matched perfectly for the original diagnosis. PDD patients were undergo full laboratory chemistry tests as well as gene map, X test, electroencephalogram, and possibly CT and/or MRI scans (for neurologic damage suspects). Comparison analyses were assessed at ÃŽ ¡0.05 using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffà © pairwise comparisons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis for the 97 PDD referrals health visitors as having the highest number of referrals (81%) with the children averaging 35.7 mo at the referral time and 41 mo at the time of clinical diagnosis. Pairwise comparison indicates the order of mean age at the time of the referral for the different groups: Asperger Syndrome (47.5 mo )> PDD-NOS (37.2 mo)> AD (30 mo). ANOVA indicates significances at 11.3 mo and Post-Hoc Schaeffer test indicates similarity of order of mean age to that of non-parametric pairwise comparison.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were no found differences for syndrome proportionality in the 77 males of the sample population. Thirty percent of the sample population was found to exhibit language impairment characterized by repetitive three-word phrases which was directly correlated to AD subtype. Psychrometric test reveals almost 26 % mental retardation. Two childen with CDD and Rett scored under moderate mental retardation. Chi-square test, P

Advanced Human Resources: Trends and Challenges in modern business environments Essay

Imagine an organization in the high technology area of wireless. The market dynamics are very high due to the impact of the technology. This calls for strategic changes in business on a constant basis. In this environment a misalignment between the organization direction and human resource direction can be fatal. This can be demonstrated by taking a case study of the technology change. Second generation technologies in mobile communication dominated the scene for a decade. Gradually there was a change in the way consumers used the services. There was more emphasis on the data services than the traditional voice services. A firm working in developing these technologies easily picks up these indicators from the market and the industry bodies. The business is also aware of the future changes with third generation mobile technologies. However in this case, the human resource department is totally unaware of the changes and the future direction. This has direct impact on the way the resources are picked and trained. Without the strategic direction, the organization still has and continues to grow the resources to tackle the second generation technologies, which is the current market requirement. When the new technology arrives, the organization has to transform almost fully within a short time. If the human resources department was proactive, it would have picked up the business directions. This would have directly impacted the type of resources that they would bring into the company. The new recruitments would have skills necessary for the current requirements as well as to move to the new technologies. The organization would be better equipped and would be able to move faster. Although the above example is a simplistic illustration, it is an indication of how much human resources can impact in the modern business environment. The role and importance of human resource management have changed over the years. From the traditional role of recruitment and retaining employees, the function now looks at a broader spectrum of activities in an organization. In line with the expanding scope, the function has increasingly become a strategic unit in organizations. In the current business environment which is characterized by dynamic changes and speed of decision making, human resources has been effectively used by successful organizations to bring about competitive edge. This is more relevant in an age when intellectual capital is considered to be the most important competitive advantage. This paper looks at the different aspects that influence the role of human resource management and the different functions that it has to perform in the current business environment. It also looks at the key trends in human resource personal in the current environments and its impact. Human resources have greater responsibility of ensuring that the organization is able to attract, retain and contribute to the growth of the firm. It now needs to understand the business need and ensure that the organizational talent level is aligned to achieve the business goals. Leadership development is another key area where human resource is increasingly seen to provide initiative in an organization. Further, the paper tries to identify key challenges that arise due to the new business and working environment. From managing limited teams in single location, human resource department now deals with multi-cultural environment with different perspectives and ways of working. Diversity can now be put to the advantage of an organization instead of creating hurdles in working closely. Innovativeness of a firm now could be based on diversity. This illustrates how the function now needs to adopt new tools, strategies and techniques for effectively carrying out their activities. With increasing number of acquisitions, mergers and consolidation in the market in most industries, creating the best team out of the different cultures, work environments and practices is an ongoing challenge to the human resource development. It must ensure that the productivity and availability of talent is consistent when organizations go through such major changes. It must also ensure that the underlying DNA of the organization that enabled it to be successful is not lost when such changes occur. Further challenges for the companies in the knowledge economy can come from aspects such as population growth. It is imperative for organizations to look long term, predict the gaps in talent pool that might arise and proactively prepare for it. While there are already different solutions available, it is necessary for organizations to adopt those solutions that fit in the organization’s culture.

Residential Schools in Canada

Sociology Dr. C. Barry McClinchey Residential Schools in Canada Before the nineteenth century, the Aboriginal people had their own way of teaching the children in their community, through organic education. In addition to providing knowledge and skills, organic education kept their culture alive (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 237). This is because the Aboriginal children would also be taught about their culture and its customs. But the Europeans thought, â€Å"Canada’s First Nation peoples were in the way of the relentless onrush of capitalist and industrial expansion (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 238). This is when the residential education system was established. Since the organic education was what made the Aboriginal culture stronger and last, the Europeans knew they had to break this system in order to weaken the culture. In the film, Education As We See It, some Aboriginal people spoke about their experiences being in a residential school. These experiences they had were n ot pleasant. The paradigm that best helps us examine the overall topic of the film is conflict theory. Many sociological concepts were applied throughout the film such as language extinction, looking-glass self, and self-fulfilling prophecy.The Aboriginal went through many of hardships that the Europeans put them through. Conflict theory is the use of inequality towards another social group to maintain the power of those who dominate (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 47). The Conflict theory is a paradigm that is well presented throughout the film. The Europeans that settled down in Canada believed that the Aboriginal’s practices were overpowering their beliefs (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 238). Since the organic education was what made the Aboriginal culture stronger and last, the Europeans knew they had to break this system in order to weaken the culture.And they were able to do this in the residential schooling program. In these residential schools, the Aboriginal children were not allowed to speak their native language and could not see their families, expect for once in a while (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 238). These children were harshly abused by the nuns in these schools and were terrified of being there. There were many sociological concepts applied in the film, Education As We See It. Language is an important part to culture. Language extinction is a concept presented in the film. When a language is lost, then its culture will start losing its organization.Killing the language of the Aboriginals will lead end their culture, which is what the Europeans wanted. By forcing the Aboriginal children to speak English, the language they spoke with their parents will be lost (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 131). An Aboriginal that went to a residential school described how they weren’t allowed to speak a word of their language at all and they were restricted from seeing their parents on a regular basis (Bob, Geraldine & Marcuse, 1993). The nuns greatly enforced that these children not speak their language, so that they could completely forget about it.Looking-glass self was a concept that was applied. Looking glass self is how people describe who they are by how others describe them. According to C. H. Cooley, have to envision themselves through social interactions because the mind does not create the â€Å"self† (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 153). An Aboriginal said that when she was younger and first went to the school, the teacher checked attendance and when she said her name, she answered â€Å"here† in her language and the nun gave her this disgusted look as if she was nothing (Bob, Geraldine & Marcuse, 1993).They make the children feel like speaking their language is horrible. Giving looks also make the child fill like their bad students. The nuns would beat them when they caught them speaking their language or doing anything they felt wasn’t â€Å"civil. † Their ‘self’ is basically r uined because social interactions with others are not good. They are so traumatized that they probably do not even speak at all. They’re unable to go to nuns for help or they’ll get negative responses from them. Another concept used was the self-fulfilling prophecy.It’s when a teacher puts a label to a child and leads to the child actually becoming that label (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 245). This concept coincides with the looking-glass self concept. What the teacher sees the student as, that student is most likely to become that. This happens because the nuns had low expectation for these children (Ravelli & Webber, 2013: pg. 246). They’re not there to help them, but instead abuse them. For example, this Aboriginal woman explained how her friend experienced her first menstruation cycle and was frightened by it.She went to a nun for help, but the nun just yelled at her saying that she was bad then humiliated the girl by throwing bloody underwear at her in front of everyone at school (Bob, Geraldine & Marcuse, 1993). The nuns were basically showing that the girl was weak and evil and that is what the girl displayed in front of everyone. This behavior and the abuse affect children in the future; making them feel hopeless. And this could lead to them being involved with drug and alcohol abuse. The residential schooling program was such terrible place to be as told in the film Education As We See It.The European missionaries and the church are suppose to be role models and help people, but instead they just cared about making a valuable culture go extinct. And they did this by taking that culture out of the children. This is a conflict theory perspective because the Europeans wanted to be powerful and in order to do this they had to treat the Aboriginals harshly. The concepts language extinction, looking-glass self, and self-fulfilling prophecy were very well applied in this film due to all the experiences the Aboriginals went through when they were children.Even though the residential school system does not exist anymore, it caused long-term damage for the Aboriginals and they will always have this terrible memory with them for the rest of their lives. References Bob, Geraldine and Gary Marcuse. (Directors). 1993. â€Å"Education As We See It. † in First Nations: The Circle Unbroken – Disk 4. [Film]. National Film Board of Canada. Ravelli, B. & Webber, M. (2013). Exploring Sociology. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions.

Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Summary - Article Example The second question that the author discusses is the capability of computers crossing geographical distances, thus making world a small place. The third argument questions the ability of computers to act and remain intelligent, while being at the disposal of the human being. However, as one can witness from the current trend, computers have revolutionized the way world is conducting business currently. The ability of computers to deal with information has changed age-old supply chain systems, advertising patterns, warfare techniques as well as marketing and social networking. Author argues that informational boom had started almost 100 years back, as witnessed by inventions of radio and TV, as well as haul trucks and other equipment. However, the way computers have increased the efficiency of these gadgets is for all of us to witness now. Global distances have disappeared with use of computer and internet is another example of computers making our life easier and simpler, as geographical distances do not matter now for a project manager coordinating his project sites across the world. The author may be correct in questioning the intelligence of computers, as human brains still function in a superior manner, while directing a computer for finishing certain tasks. However, super-intelligent breed of computers will pave the way for creating intelligent smart machines, better than we have today. Gelernter, David â€Å"Computers and the Pursuit of Happiness†, goggle books, nd, web, 12 March 2015:

Do high protein diets increase the risk of kidney stones Essay

Do high protein diets increase the risk of kidney stones - Essay Example Atkins diets have led to the rise and prevalence of kidney stone formation (Siener, 2006). Kidney stones are among the most painful and prevalent of urologic disorders. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Disease, a kidney stone can be defined as a solid crystallized piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. The process of kidney stone formation is medically known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. The most common stones contain calcium in combination with oxalate and/or phosphate. A less common type is caused by urinary tract infection known as struvite or infection stone. Apart from these, there are also other rare types made of pure uric acid stones, cystine stones etc (http://www.ucof.com/education A number of risk factors like dehydration, improper diet, systemic disorders etc are suggested to be important determinants of stone formation. Stone formation usually results from an imbalance between factors that promote urinary crystallization and those that inhibit crystal formation and growth (Coe et al, 2005). Some of the known metabolic markers of kidney stone formation include increased level of calcium and uric acid excretion, and a decrease in urinary citrate (Curhan, 2007).

Ethics7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics7 - Assignment Example The potential liabilities facing APNs are discussed in the following part. This is considered a nurse’s liability if he or she fails to monitor and assess a change in the patient’s condition and refer it to the patient’s physician. To provide optimal patient care, it is required that nurses have appropriate knowledge, skills and positive attitudes toward pain, its assessment and management. Furthermore, this should be based on the best available evidence in preventing patients from suffering harm (NMC, 2008). It is unacceptable for APNs to have inadequate knowledge about pain or patient to experience unmanaged pain. This is considered a poor understanding of their profession in this aspect of care, and thus held accountable if it happens (Diamond, 2002). The management in a bid to prevent this liability may undertake to teach the staff on the importance of pain management and steps involved. In this case pain can be incorporated as a compulsory component, aimed at equipping nurses with knowledge, skills and attitude to undertake proper pain assessment and management. Since this has worked elsewhere, Wilson perceives the result of this as patients receiving higher standard of pain assessment and management and thus reduce the incidences of unnecessary suffering and prevent potential liabilities (2007). These involve transcription and administrative errors by the APN. Medication errors can cause harm to patients, practitioners, families, systems and the profession. Medical errors may be human-performance based or system based. According to a report in the Archives Internal Medicine, nurses who are interrupted while administering medication have an increased risk of making medication errors. Modest strategies to help reduce interruptions may include easy access to whiteboards or other sources of information. Nurses could were vests with â€Å"do not interrupt" messages on them while conducting medication rounds. This entails failing to notify the

Organization implications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization implications - Essay Example The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected. This paper will discuss the merit pay system and teacher performance in public schools The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 put the merit system principles into law, specifically section 2301 of title 5 of the U.S. Code. It was set as a national policy intended â€Å"to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive workforce...and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system principles† (Pfiffner & Brook, 2000). Since then, the merit system and its principles have been implemented both in the public sector and in private sector in the country. The merit system can be defined as a personnel system applied in the process of hiring and promoting government employees based on merit to obtain the highest efficiency in public personnel functions. The application of the merit system in the public education sector has brought about unending controversies especially with the merit pay issue. The merit pay systems emphasizes on the fact that teachers are to be paid for their achievement in the classroom as opposed to their seniority or the number of ed-school credits that they have collected as it has been done from the 1920s period. Reformers in the education system including the government have emphasized that the merit pay will encourage high performing teachers to do well and drive the lazy ones away, thereby improving the performance of public schools. However, teachers’ unions have continually opposed the move stating that there is no objective way of measuring the classroom performance of a teacher. In addition to this, opposing views have pointed to the fact that the merit pay system has a high chance of failing

Anything about marine biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anything about marine biology - Essay Example nt manmade and natural calamities have caused serious damage to the coral reef structures and as a result many reef formations have been lost over the years. Hence environmentalists and especially those in the field of marine biology are relentlessly trying to put an end to the destruction of coral reefs (Weir, 2001; Shah, 2010; Skoloff, 2010 Skoloff, 2010). All corals have a simple basic structure which is referred to as a polyp that consists of three layers of tissue: an outer epidermis, an inner cell layer surrounding the gastrovascular cavity and a middle layer of mesoglea. The gastrovascular cavity opens only at one end which facilitates food intake by the organism and also waste products are expelled through the same. Corals also possess tentacles which project as extensions of the body wall in the regions surrounding the mouth which mainly help to capture and ingest food as well as a source of defense when needed. In addition to this the presence of a unique type of cell called the cnidocyte that includes organelles such as nematocysts secrete lethal toxins which are helpful in prey capture. Additionally most corals contain a symbiotic alga, zooxanthellea, within their gastrodermal cells and both the algae and the coral share a mutually beneficial relationship by supplying resources required for photosynthesis, organic products o f photosynthesis and facilitating waste removal. This mutual exchange is vital for coral productivity as well as limestone-secreting capacity of the coral reefs using the photosynthetic produce of the algae. In addition, the presence of the algae is responsible for the color of the polyp and if the algae are expelled by the corals, which may occur during periods of prolonged stress, the coral reefs become while in color, a process which is referred to as coral bleaching. Using the photosynthetic products released by the algae the corals produce calcium carbonate. Of the 6000 known species of anthozoans, stony corals make up the

Change Management Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management Issue - Essay Example The given case study represents a very common situation in the workplace. In this case, we have a situation where a person is experiencing a lack of ethical-judgment. To come close to the point, we have a case in which an individual decided that his moral principles were more desirable to the company than the policies or procedures at his workplace. The case showed that both Mr. B and Bob demonstrated unethical attitudes toward Steven, the worker within their department. Failure to take a more ethical attitude toward Steven led him to continue working in the same IT department and doing a job he hates. Applying more ethical principles at the workplace would have saved Steven from being forced to do the job he hates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A clue to the case can be derived from Kantian ethics. Kantian ethics is frequently referred to as deontological or rule-based ethics. Kantian ethics is traditionally concerned with what makes a principle right or wrong. Kantian ethics is based on the famous categorical imperative. In the course of his research, Kant provides people with two main formulations of the categorical imperative. Kantian ethical principles indicate that each person should act as a rational being. The Kantian approach eliminates any possible cases of lying (Kant, I, p.56, 1996). The Kantian approach to lying indicates that the philosopher supported a total prohibition of lying as a form of building relations with other people. Kant also mentioned the fact that lying cannot become a universal law for all people, thus pointing to the fact that lying is virtually impossible in the workplace. Such negative attitudes toward lying are reasoned by the fact that work relations are supposed to be built on trust and mutual understanding. Since a lie depends upon someone believing you, a person who lies shows disrespect to the other person who is placing their trust the one the liar (Kant, I, p.58, 1996). When we view Steven’s case from Kant’s theory, we see that Mr. Bob, HR, ignored his duty in order to avoid lying. Instead of ethical behavior, he became involved in cheating.   According to Kant, cheating people are the worst examples of unethical behavior in the workplace.   

Business Regulatory Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Regulatory Law - Essay Example The federal government can make arrangements for the protection f the population from the pollution that flows down from other states. The federal government expects the local governments to put into effect national environmental laws, including the Clean Water Act. However, the federal government has some concerns if the state and local governments are not managing the inspections in a timely manner. The federal government also has concerns that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is not following through. A resident f Erehwon, Ms. Kelly Bates has accused Alumina, Inc. f frequently contaminating the waters f Lake Dira with carcinogenic effluents, and has alleged that the consumption f the water is the prime cause f her 10 year old daughter's leukemia. Ms. Bates also alleges that her daughter's illness maybe as old as Alumina's first environmental law violation. The incident occurred five years ago. Alumina Inc. was reported to be in violation f an environmental discharge into Lake Dira. Alumina followed through and cleaned the spill up and the violation was corrected (UOP, 2007). People in a local newspaper, The Erehwon Reporter, seemed to want to keep the fire burning. Kelly Bates threatened to file a $5 million personal injury case against Alumina Inc. to recover compensatory and punitive damages. Ms. Bates alleged that Alumina's careless conduct is the immediate cause f her daughter's illness in though this occurred five years ago and the company has not had any further problems (UOP, 2007). The Scientific report on water pollution has rendered Ms. Bates claim unsubstantiated. Regulations and Legal Issues There are a few very important facts that include regulations and legal issues that are present within the Alumina simulation and they are as follows: Regulation f Business. There should be written roles and regulations that coincide with Federal and State laws. The regulations should be followed at all times with an Environmental supervisor in place to document all key findings. Alumina does not have any written regulations that match with the State and Federal governments at this time. The employees need these practices and references in place to ensure that they are following the laws that have been made. Environmental Policy The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was passed in 1970 along with the Environmental Quality Improvement Act, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These federal enactments were to put into place to ensure that the environment would be protected against both the public and private actions (Environmental lawyers, 1997). Alumina was reported to be in violation f an environmental discharge into Lake Dira. However, according to the EPA, Alumina quickly responded to the allegation and cleaned-up the Lake. The violation within the organization was promptly corrected and Alumni have not had another incident. Ethical Issues Ethical issues such moral values, beliefs and principles are considered as foundation f civilized society. People follow these values on a day to day basis.

Country brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Country brand - Essay Example The elements explored in the paper are Tourism, Investment/Immigration, Culture and Export (Shimp, 2008). The other two elements of the hexagon are touched on briefly, that is the People and Governance. This is because the paper is fashioned to focus on matters of Nation Branding that are relevant to the creation of value for American corporate entities on the global level. Elements of Nation Branding In order to analyze the strategy of branding America, there is the need to explore the main elements of nation branding strategy. Olin defines a 7 step model that must be followed to draw a nation branding strategy (Molianen & Rainisto, 2009): 1. Define Preliminary Vision 2. Establish a Working Group 3. Internal & External Research 4. Formulation of Strategic Plan 5. Visualisation 6. Implementation of the Plans 7. Testing Implementation & assessment Preliminary Vision The preliminary vision of America's branding technique is to extend its influence over different country through a blend of diplomatic, governmental as well as industrial campaigns (Snow, 2009). This means that the branding of America is handled by the diplomatic corps which has a strong history of promoting America as a brand all over the world. There has also been different governmental projects and units set up over the past years that has been responsible for promoting America as a brand around the world. ... These questions are as follows: â€Å"Where are we now? How did we get here? Where do we want to be? How do we get there?† The United States is the most powerful and most popular country in the world today (Wolfe, 2007). It attained its status as a global super-power during and after the Second World War, which saw the influence of America spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world (Houghton, 2009). Since the 1950s, America led the West in gaining influence around the world against the Soviet led East (Wolfe, 2007). Due to this struggle, the United States created a very strong network to establish its presence in nations around the globe through various export techniques. This has boosted America's image around the world. Everyone around the world, from Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East identifies with American movies, clothing, food, books, cars and brands. And this has been the case over the past 20 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union ( Houghton, 2009). However, in the era of globalisation, there are competitors that are coming up namely BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) as well as old powers like Europe and Japan. There is the need to re-brand and present America in a different light. Currently, the vision of branding America is one that seeks to take advantage of the country's status as a super power, the country's past image and global influence as well as America's competitive strength against the emerging powers. Thus, the vision of the 21st Century for the branding of USA is as follows: 1. Re-branding the superpower and presenting it to the world in a different light. 2. Re-igniting the American flame 3. Putting American ingenuity to the doorsteps of the world 4.

The nutritional status Essay Example for Free

The nutritional status Essay The individual (a male patient) was about 5’9† in height and weight 105 kilograms, was obese (classified as fat by the Food Standard Agency, UK). He was overweight by about 30 kilograms for his height. His waist circumference was about excess by about 6 to 7 centimetres, meaning that he had accumulated excessive subcutaneous fat in the abdominal and the hip region. His body mass index (BMI) was also suggesting that he was obese and needed to lose weight (according to the Food Standard Agency, UK). His BMI was about 36. 3 and that of normal ranges from 18. 5 to 24. 9, and overweight ranges from 25. 0 to 29. 9. Any value about 30 is considered to be as obese (NHLBI). The individual’s blood pressure is about 165/92 mm Hg which suggests that the individual is suffering from stage 2 or severe hypertension. Any value above 160 mm Hg systolic or 100 mm Hg diastolic can be considered as severe hypertension (according to Mayo Clinic, 2007). The exact cause for the hypertension is really not known, but several risk factors such as increased body weight, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, elevated blood glucose levels, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, etc may play a major role in the development of the disease. The blood pressure is a product of the cardiac output and the peripheral vascular resistance. Since these are both raised, the blood pressure is elevated (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual is at a risk of developing stroke, heart attacks, heart failure and kidney failures due to the severe hypertension (Medline Plus, 2007). The normal blood pressure ranges from 115 to 120 mm Hg for systole and 75 to 80 mm Hg for diastole (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual’s cholesterol levels are about 7. 5 mmol/L which puts him at a very high risk of developing heart disease (anything above 6. 2 mmol/L are considered as high-risk) (according to the NHBLI, 2001). The individual’s plasma triglyceride level is slightly high which puts him at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis, heart disease and stroke. Individuals with diabetes mellitus not undergoing treatment are also at a higher risk of developing elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The individuals fasting blood glucose level is about 8. 4 which is very high compared to the normal limits. This suggests that he could be suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (Mayo, 2006). Individuals who are suffering from diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop several complications including a fatal outcome when they are affected with a cardiovascular episode such as a heart attack or angina. The plasma sodium levels are slightly higher suggesting an increased risk of hypertension and developing heart diseases such as heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (Better Health Channel, 2007). The plasma potassium levels are within normal ranges. The mean corpuscular value of the red blood cells is reduced (the individual could be suffering from microcytic anaemia) which usually develops in iron deficiency anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The haemoglobin levels are also below normal suggesting that the individual is suffering from anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The Blood urea nitrogen levels are within normal limits, but are towards the higher side, suggesting that the individual could be having a risk of developing a heart attack or kidney failure in the future (Richards, T, 2005). The creatine kinase levels are within the normal limits in the body, but are towards the higher side suggesting that there is a risk of damage occurring to the muscles of the heart (MDA, 2000). The AST levels (a liver enzyme) are within normal limits. The individual is following a sedentary lifestyle and is consuming about 3500 cal per day which is far too much. His actual calorie consumption per day should be about 2500 calories per day (Nutri-Facts, 2000). The individual is consuming a diet of 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat and 15% protein. The intake of fats is very high. An idea ratio would be 60-70 % carbohydrates, 15 % proteins and 20 % fats. A high-fat diet is further contributing to the cholesterol levels, the arthrosclerosis process and increasing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Diabetes India). What dietary recommendations and life style changes would you recommend? Discuss the issues you would need to consider when constructing a suitable dietary regimen for this patient. The individual should ensure that he consumes a balanced diet not only containing adequate amounts of macronutrients (that is carbohydrates, fats and proteins), but also sufficient amounts of micronutrients (that is vitamins and minerals). The individual is suffering from iron deficiency anaemia, and hence a diet containing vitamin B12, folic acid and iron should be administered. Iron and Vitamin B supplements may also be required. Blood tests should be frequently conducted to ensure that the haemoglobin levels and the MCV are monitored (NHS, 2007). As the individual is suffering from diabetes mellitus, the intake of calories and fats should be reduced or modified. Simple sugars should be avoided and instead complex polysaccharides should be consumed (in the form of starch). The fibre quantity in the diet should also be increased. The individual should be treated for diabetes through insulin and/or oral-anti-diabetic drugs, as the sugar level is very high. The blood glucose levels should be constantly monitored to ensure that modifications are initiated as early as possible (Mayo, 2006). The individual should consume a low fat diet, which is about 20 % of the macro-nutrient ratio. More of High density lipoproteins (HDL) should be consumed instead of the low density lipoproteins (LDL). The LDL contributes to the bad cholesterol present in the body and could worsen the risk of developing heart disease (Diabetes India). The salt intake should be reduced as it could worsen the hypertension and could also cause heart failure and fluid retention (Diabetes India). The individual requires treatment of hypertension so that the blood pressure is brought within limits and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is lowered. Antihypertensive medications are required to control the blood pressure. Some of the different groups of drugs that may be required include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, etc (Mayo, 2007). These should be consumed as recommended by the physician. The individual’s blood pressure should constantly be monitored to ensure that modifications are made as early as possible. Besides, lifestyle changes are also required, which are also required to control the diabetes and hypertension (Mayo, 2007). Medications should be taken regularly and on time. Meals should not be skipped and should be consumed on time as directed by the nutrients. Smoking should be stopped and alcohol consumption should be minimised. Feasting or fasting should be avoided. Regular exercises are necessary to ensure that the weight is brought to a level which is less damaging for the body. The individual should take adequate rest and consume plenty of water in a day (Mayo, 2006). References: American Heart Association 2007. Triglycerides, [Online], Available: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Salt?open

Social Effects Of The Industrial Revolution

Social Effects Of The Industrial Revolution Industrial means using machines to produce. Revolution means changing things upside down. (Hepplewhite and Campbell,2002) The Industrial Revolution brought about the systems of production and the production way had changed from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory. It was took place in England in the late 18th century. It is a production and technological revolution. The invention of machinery and application as a symbol of this era. The great turning points in human history may be the British Industrial Revolution (Holmes, 2000). The technological change the kinds of different creation of new knowledge (Mokyr, 1999). In the eighteenth century people who lived in Britain earning by work on the land. The conditions of life and labour had changed in small difference of configuration, sub-soil and climate. Some earlier inventions failed because of incomplete ideas, other better materials were not to hand because of lack of skill on workers (Ashton, 1961). In the middle o f the 18th century, the British bourgeois revolutionaries overthrew the British feudal autocracy. The constitutional monarchy system was established. The Britain became the first country which the bourgeoisie dominated the nation in the world. As a result, the prerequisite of Industrial Revolution was promoted during this time. This report will describe the causes of the Industrial Revolution and effects on social life during the Industrial Revolution. It will be divided into three parts. Firstly, analysis the cause of the Industrial Revolution. Secondly, outline the effects of Industrial Revolution on social. Thirdly, the inventions during the Industrial Revolution will be evaluated. 2. Analysis the Cause of Industrial Revolution The population increased in the 18th century (Oakland, 2006). The people had to look for more food and goods. The agricultural economy had changed into industrial country. People had to find new ways to increase production. Therefore, the people who came from the countries were looking for the jobs in city factories. Some of the villages fields had became into the manufacturing centres (Oakland, 2006). The new inventions New machines were invented during that time. The production of farms and factories ways had changed. So the production was increased more quickly than before (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). For example, the spinning jenny which was invented by James Hargreaves could spin 120 threads at one time (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). And James Watt invented the steam engine using it to create new form of powering. The new inventions changed the production ways and many inventions from this period are still used in modern society. The colonies overseas and labour The overseas colonies were set up by the Europeans and the cheap labour could get easily from the colonies. This increased the speed of the production and they could sell more goods. They could also get cheaper raw materials from the colonies to produce cheaper goods (Mokyr, 1999). Many factory workers were children. The supervisors were treated them badly and they had to worked for long time everyday. The children were young and they had earned few pence to afford food. The labour had suffered the worse living condition during that time. The capitalists expand their business In order to earn much money, the capitalists had to expand their business and produce more goods. They needed to find a quicker way to produce more goods. The capitalists who played important roles and helped the Industrial Revolution grow speedy. They became one of the most powerful forces in Britain, squeezing more surplus value out of the labour (Yale, 2010). The feudalism and monopoly were ended The Europe feudalism and the monopoly of the upper classes were ended. People could have opportunity to involving in more trades. The reason why they need of goods increased was that they had to earn much money and more goods. They wanted the factories to produce goods faster so that they could get more goods.( Mokyr, 1999) 3. The Industrial Revolution Effects on the Social Advantages 3.1.1 The capitalism The capitalism possibly was grown by the technology change (Science Encyclopaedia, 2010). Before the Industrial Revolution, the people who lived in Britain might suffer from the worse quality of living conditions. The industrialist affected the decline of the traditional handicraft. Some scientists had come up with mind and invented several new productions. Owing to the new inventions, the facilities of production were improved. The factories used the latest facilities to produce and benefited from the technology changed. The system of manufacturing promoted the capitalism built up during the Industrial Revolution (Freeman, 2010). 3.1.2 Social structure The nations social structure was changed during the revolution (Science Encyclopaedia, 2010). Before the Revolution the majority of the people lived in small villages, working in agriculture or workshops. Their hands were treated as working tools in that time. In fact, about three quarters of Britains population lived in the countryside, and the predominant occupation was farming (Foster, 1979).However, during the industrial revolution there were many people worked at the new factories. These have to move to towns and cities in order to be close to their new jobs. It also meant that they worked for a long time but got the less money from the industrialists. As the 75% of early workers were women and children, they had to send out to work (Stearns, 1991). Most classes ultimately benefited from the huge proceeds that were being made, and most workers were got better wages by 1820. 3.1.3 The new mode of production and technology The advanced mode of production and technology had spread all over the world, the old system and ideas were impacted. Factory owners controlled the means of production rapidly became rich. The new technologies inspired the economic growth. As a result, the goods produced and a demand for raw materials which through Europe increased during the 19th century (Haberman). Some of these European countries led nations to look for colonies abroad in which to trade and produce goods. Many of these countries around the world accepted the industrial ideas, the new mode of production and technology were used gradually in the rest of the world. Disadvantages 3.2.1 Pollution With the development of the industrialization and urbanization, both of the developed and the developing countries started to exploit the natural resources. For example, in the energy field, the coal, oil and gas are both to support the factories and run their transport system. The coal as the main source of energy in the factories at the time used. In order to run the machines, the workers should make the coal burnt to heat the water which could power the steam engines. Large amounts of carbon particles were released into the atmosphere (Oracle). Water pollution was another prime problem during the time of the revolution. The factories dumped the toxic industrial refuse into the rivers thereby contaminating the water system. The industrial revolution had been beneficial to the economy, raising standards of life style and producing new goods. But it had also brought about some problems in the ecological system of earth (Oracle). 3.2.2 Overpopulation Population, its growth, stability or decline, and its relationship to economic growth (Hartwell, 1971). Because of the Industrial Revolution, many factories employed the labour to work and the people who lived in the countries wanted to move to the city for jobs. Due to the Industrial Revolution, the population growth in eighteenth century and probably increased 75 per cent over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Hartwell, 1971). 3.2.3 The poor sanitary condition Approximately 50% of infants were died before the age of two during the early Industrial Revolution (Stearns, 1991). Their working hours were longer. The working hours usually from six in the morning until eight-thirty in the evening. A six-day week was not uncommon. Work places were often poorly ventilated, over-crowded, and replete with safety hazards. Men, women, and children were employed at survival wages in dangerous and unhealthy environments. The Miserable working condition and the different kinds of pollution affected the peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health (Foster, 1979). The Important Inventions during the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was created some significant scientific inventions which were led to the mechanization of the textile industry, improved railway networks and improvement of iron making techniques. There are some inventions still used in modern times (Holmes, 2000). 4.1 Spinning Jenny James Hargreavesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Spinning Jenny in 1766. The first machines could only spin 8 threads but were soon improved to spin 100 threads (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). These machines were so small that working in the cottages and rapidly increased production. It is an important invention in the industrialization of the textile industry. 4.2 Water Frame Richard Arkwrightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s water frame was a successful inventor. The water frame was bought by owners all over Britain (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). The Water frame was a large wheel and it was turned by running water. This was made the machinery work in factories. This invention led to the building of a number of factories and is regarded as the promotion of the Industrial Revolutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development. 4.3 The Steam Engine In spite of the first steam engine was developed over fifty years before the industrial revolution, the Industrial Revolution had made a massive impact on improvements and revisions. James Watts development of the steam engine led to a great number of further developments. the new form of powering a machine could be used anywhere to create energy (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). Conclusion To sum up, the Industrial Revolution was a real revolution. It had consolidated the dominant position of bourgeois. The Industrial Revolution changed the life of people and the way people lived for a long time. During the Industrial Revolution many people thought there were several negative effects but there were actually some positive effects in the Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, technology had spread all over the world and ideas had changed. Industrial Revolution was an outburst of new inventions in Britain and in other parts of the world. Many inventions from this period are still used today. During this time scientists and inventors changed the way humans thought, lived, and worked. It provided a better opportunity to express the opinions for someone who had new ideas. Because of the breakthroughs in science and manufacturing, a portion of society was able to grow healthier and wealthier. On the other hand, the new industrialization made the majority of society might pay the price. The successes of the technological changes were so profound internationally. So the Britain became the worlds leading power, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, for more than a century. The Industrial Revolution has a historic significance in these hundreds years. The people who lived in the developed countries but also the developed countries are benefited from the revolution. It is a meaningful revolution for Britain but as well in all over the world.

Enzyme Activity As A Function Of Substrate Concentration Biology Essay

Enzyme Activity As A Function Of Substrate Concentration Biology Essay The effect of concentration on enzyme activity. It can be noted that both enzyme solution used had different results. Enzyme activity was greater when using the chicken liver rather than the cow liver. Generally the enzyme activity increases as the drops of the enzyme (concentration) increases. There was a significant increase when six drops of enzyme solution (chicken liver) was added. The height of the bubble rose to 4 cm. there was a steady increase between when 9-12 drops solution was added. A sharp increase occurred when 15 drops of enzyme solution was added. The height was recorded as 7.5 cm. There was no significant increase onwards When enzyme solution (cows liver) was added there was no significant increase in the first set of drops. The height was recorded to be 3.5 cm when 3 drops of enzyme solution was added. There was an increase from 3.5 to 4cm when 6 drops of solution was added. There were no further significant increases un adding the enzyme solution. Graph 2 shows the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. For this experiment an enzyme solution of cow liver was used. There was an increase in bubble height when the solution was placed at 25 C. There was a further increase in the height when the solution was placed at 50 C. The height was recorded as 4.2 cm. However at 70 C, there was no change. There was no evidence of bubbles suggesting that the enzyme had been denatured. EXPLANATION Generally enzyme activity increases with increasing temperature. However in this experiment there was an increase then a sudden drop in enzymatic activity. Enzymes require certain conditions to be effective in their functioning. Some require certain temperatures to function. A reason behind the denaturing of the enzyme at 70 C is that the temperature was too high for the enzyme to function and it denatured due to this. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Knowledge of basic enzyme kinetic theory is important in enzyme analysis in order both to understand the basic enzymatic mechanism and to select a method for enzyme analysis. The conditions selected to measure the activity of an enzyme would not be the same as those selected to measure the concentration of its substrate. Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. Temperature Effects http://www.worthington-biochem.com/IntroBiochem/images/ie21.gif Like most chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as the temperature is raised. A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%. Variations in reaction temperature as small as 1 or 2 degrees may introduce changes of 10 to 20% in the results. In the case of enzymatic reactions, this is complicated by the fact that many enzymes are adversely affected by high temperatures. As shown in Figure 13, the reaction rate increases with temperature to a maximum level, then abruptly declines with further increase of temperature. Because most animal enzymes rapidly become denatured at temperatures above 40Â °C, most enzyme determinations are carried out somewhat below that temperature. Over a period of time, enzymes will be deactivated at even moderate temperatures. Storage of enzymes at 5Â °C or below is generally the most suitable. Some enzymes lose their activity when frozen. Effects of pH Enzymes are affected by changes in pH. The most favorable pH value the point where the enzyme is most active is known as the optimum pH. This is graphically illustrated in Figure 14. http://www.worthington-biochem.com/IntroBiochem/images/ie22.gif Extremely high or low pH values generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes. pH is also a factor in the stability of enzymes. As with activity, for each enzyme there is also a region of pH optimal stability. The optimum pH value will vary greatly from one enzyme to another Enzyme Concentration In order to study the effect of increasing the enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate, the substrate must be present in an excess amount; i.e., the reaction must be independent of the substrate concentration. Any change in the amount of product formed over a specified period of time will be dependent upon the level of enzyme present. Graphically this can be represented as: http://www.worthington-biochem.com/IntroBiochem/images/ie09.gif These reactions are said to be zero order because the rates are independent of substrate concentration, and are equal to some constant k. The formation of product proceeds at a rate which is linear with time. The addition of more substrate does not serve to increase the rate. In zero order kinetics, allowing the assay to run for double time results in double the amount of product. The amount of enzyme present in a reaction is measured by the activity it catalyzes. The relationship between activity and concentration is affected by many factors such as temperature, pH, etc. An enzyme assay must be designed so that the observed activity is proportional to the amount of enzyme present in order that the enzyme concentration is the only limiting factor. It is satisfied only when the reaction is zero order. Enzyme activity is generally greatest when substrate concentration is unlimiting. Effects of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity Enzyme inhibitors are substances which alter the catalytic action of the enzyme and consequently slow down, or in some cases, stop catalysis. There are three common types of enzyme inhibition competitive, non-competitive and substrate inhibition. Most theories concerning inhibition mechanisms are based on the existence of the enzyme-substrate complex ES. Competitive inhibition occurs when the substrate and a substance resembling the substrate are both added to the enzyme. A theory called the lock-key theory of enzyme catalysts can be used to explain why inhibition occurs. The lock and key theory utilizes the concept of an active site. The concept holds that one particular portion of the enzyme surface has a strong affinity for the substrate. The substrate is held in such a way that its conversion to the reaction products is more favorable. If we consider the enzyme as the lock and the substrate the key the key is inserted in the lock, is turned, and the door is opened and the reaction proceeds. However, when an inhibitor which resembles the substrate is present, it will compete with the substrate for the position in the enzyme lock. When the inhibitor wins, it gains the lock position but is unable to open the lock. Hence, the observed reaction is slowed down because some of the available enzyme sites are occupied by the inhibitor. If a dissimilar substance which does not fit the site is present, the enzyme rejects it, accepts the substrate, and the reaction proceeds normally. ACTIVE SITE This is the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs SUBSTRATE In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate(s). In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or more products, which are then released from the active site ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX This is when the substrate binds reversibly to the enzyme forming a complex ANABOLISM Anabolism, or biosynthesis, is the process by which living organisms synthesize complex molecules of life from simpler ones. Anabolism, together with catabolism, are the two series of chemical processes in cells that are, together, called metabolism. Anabolic reactions are divergent processes. That is, relatively few types of raw materials are used to synthesize a wide variety of end products. This results in an increase in cellular size or complexity-or both. Anabolic processes produce peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids. These molecules comprise all the materials of living cells, such as membranes and chromosomes, as well as the specialized products of specific types of cells, such as enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and neurotransmitters. CATBOLISM Catabolism, the opposite of anabolism, produces smaller molecules used by the cell to synthesize larger molecules, as will be described below. Thus, in contrast to the divergent reactions of anabolism, catabolism is a convergent process, in which many different types of molecules are broken down into relatively few types of end products. ..

The relationship between Rhoda and Gertrude in The Withered Arm Essay

Discuss the relationship between Rhoda and Gertrude in The Withered Arm. The Withered Arm is a pre-20th century book by Thomas Hardy; the plot of the story is in and around the writers' imaginary village of Holmstoke and town of Casterbridge. One of the main themes of The Withered Arm was Jealousy it was portrayed through Rhoda Brook, 'a thin fading woman of thirty' 'that had once been handsome', who had an affair with Farmer Lodge and bore him a son. Farmer Lodge left Rhoda to bring up their son on her own and later married a new wife, who was 'years younger than him', called Gertrude. In this essay I am going to discuss the relationship between Rhoda and Gertrude in The Withered Arm. The relationship between Rhoda and Gertrude is a triangular one. It is between Rhoda, her ex-partner Farmer Lodge and his wife Gertrude. Rhoda heard about the coming of Farmer Lodge's new wife Gertrude through her fellow 'milkers' who were gossiping while at work. She then sent her son several times to go and 'give her a look'; she was mainly interested in the appearance of the new wife. She specifically asked her son to see "if she's dark or fair show marks of the lady' and to 'notice if her hand be white or are like a milkers hands like' hers. It was obvious that Rhoda wanted to compare herself with Gertrude but was disappointed when her son came back with news of the new wife being 'A lady complete', 'and her face as comely as a doll's' as she kept on asking her son questions like 'Her eyes not dark like mine?' and 'Is she tall?' 'as tall as I'. All the answers Rhoda got about Gertrude were so positive that when she heard that Gertrude was 'rather short' she said to her son 'with satisfaction', 'that's al... ...onduct. In fear of loosing Farmer Lodges love, Gertrude resorts to most despicable cure, which led to her death. In The Withered Arm Thomas Hardy used Rhoda's son to start a good relationship between Rhoda Brook and Gertrude. The quirk of fate in the situation is that Rhoda's son, the ill fated boy's life mutually brought Gertrude and Rhoda together in the beginning of the story and his death made them meet again, this time the last, not as friends but as enemies. The boy's carving of the chair instead of helping his mother cook and his poaching, which eventually led to his death were suggestions of his early and tragic death. It seems that as long as the two women were alive their link kept their relationship going whether good or bad, and it was only after Gertrude's death that the relationship between her and Rhoda brook finally came to an end.

Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength Essay -- Hideous Strength

Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Tales change with every teller. Features may be added or subtracted, stories may be broken apart or combined. Often the story-teller will adapt the tale for his own purposes to emphasize some theme of his own. C. S. Lewis uses and modifies older sources in many ways in his novel That Hideous Strength, incorporating themes and portions of Arthurian literature to add color and emphasize the subjects of his plot.    Lewis includes many direct references to older Arthurian literature in his novel. The leader of his group of heroes is the former philogist Ransom, at first known as "Mr. Fisher-King," who has a wounded foot. The name and the wound are obvious reminders of the Fisher-King myth which produces the quest for the Holy Grail in Malory, and the allusion is further supported when for his meal he is served only "a small flacon of red wine, and a roll of bread" (Lewis, p. 149) -- reminders of the Last Supper and the resulting relics that the Fisher-King is associated with. Lewis' tale differs in that the Fisher-King is the same person as the Pendragon. Yet his tale also combines a quest for holy things (eldilic help through Merlin) to heal the sickness of the land with a great, climactic battle against evil, thus merging the two characters' functions as well as their attributes. Also, as in earlier versions of the story, the Pendragon disappears after his final battle is completed, and the cr owning conflict itself takes place in a dense fog which obscures everything.    When Merlin arrives, his full name is given as Merlinus Ambrosius, the name he is given in one of his earliest appearances in Arthurian literature, Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Reg... ...e medieval world may have been closer, in a way, to the truths of the universe than most of us modern, advanced, proud, scientific, atheistic, ambitious people. Science can be a great blessing, but only if it is used correctly and for the good of all humanity and, more importantly, all creation. Though Lewis deals with small, unimportant people -- fellows of small colleges and maids from small towns -- he places them in a setting and situation of Arthurian scope, and thus brings out the great nobility of ordinary man.       Works Cited Lewis, Clive Staples. That Hideous Strength. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York, NY (1946). Malory, Sir Thomas. Works. Eugene Vinaver, ed. Second edition. Oxford University Press: New York, NY (1971). White, T. H. The Once and Future King. The Berkley Publishing Group: New York, NY (1958).    Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength Essay -- Hideous Strength Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Tales change with every teller. Features may be added or subtracted, stories may be broken apart or combined. Often the story-teller will adapt the tale for his own purposes to emphasize some theme of his own. C. S. Lewis uses and modifies older sources in many ways in his novel That Hideous Strength, incorporating themes and portions of Arthurian literature to add color and emphasize the subjects of his plot.    Lewis includes many direct references to older Arthurian literature in his novel. The leader of his group of heroes is the former philogist Ransom, at first known as "Mr. Fisher-King," who has a wounded foot. The name and the wound are obvious reminders of the Fisher-King myth which produces the quest for the Holy Grail in Malory, and the allusion is further supported when for his meal he is served only "a small flacon of red wine, and a roll of bread" (Lewis, p. 149) -- reminders of the Last Supper and the resulting relics that the Fisher-King is associated with. Lewis' tale differs in that the Fisher-King is the same person as the Pendragon. Yet his tale also combines a quest for holy things (eldilic help through Merlin) to heal the sickness of the land with a great, climactic battle against evil, thus merging the two characters' functions as well as their attributes. Also, as in earlier versions of the story, the Pendragon disappears after his final battle is completed, and the cr owning conflict itself takes place in a dense fog which obscures everything.    When Merlin arrives, his full name is given as Merlinus Ambrosius, the name he is given in one of his earliest appearances in Arthurian literature, Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Reg... ...e medieval world may have been closer, in a way, to the truths of the universe than most of us modern, advanced, proud, scientific, atheistic, ambitious people. Science can be a great blessing, but only if it is used correctly and for the good of all humanity and, more importantly, all creation. Though Lewis deals with small, unimportant people -- fellows of small colleges and maids from small towns -- he places them in a setting and situation of Arthurian scope, and thus brings out the great nobility of ordinary man.       Works Cited Lewis, Clive Staples. That Hideous Strength. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York, NY (1946). Malory, Sir Thomas. Works. Eugene Vinaver, ed. Second edition. Oxford University Press: New York, NY (1971). White, T. H. The Once and Future King. The Berkley Publishing Group: New York, NY (1958).   

Harriet Ann Jacobs Essay

In the autobiography, â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, it tells the story of a female slave named Harriet Ann Jacobs. Losing her mother and father at such a young age, she experienced firsthand the account of a slave life. She deliberates in great detail the humiliation, sacrifice, and struggle specific to female slaves of the late nineteenth century. Though she understood the risks involved in publishing an account of her life, she moved forward with the idea and published her story under the pseudonym Linda Brent. Harriet Jacobs was born into slavery in 1813 in Edenton, North Carolina to Delilah and Elijah. While growing up she enjoyed a relatively cheerful life until she was six years old when her parents died. After the death of her parents, Harriet and her younger brother John were left to be raised by their grandmother, Molly Horniblow. Molly was an older woman who was well respected in the slave community, as well as by the slave owners. She was never mistreated, and she frequently baked goods for the people in her community. Harriet Jacobs gained the knowledge for all of her educational essentials from her first mistress, Margaret Horniblow. She taught Harriet how to read, write, and sew which gave her advantage over the rest of the slaves. It also would attract some unwanted attention. Margaret would later on will Harriet to her twelve year old niece whose father would subject Harriet to aggressive and unrelenting sexual harassment. Dr. Flint sexually harassed and physically abused the teenaged Harriet for as long as she was a servant in his household. Afraid that one day Dr. Flint would make his antics reality, she began to have an affair with a prominent white lawyer named Samuel Tredwell, whom she later on beared two children for. Instead of discouraging Flint, she enraged him. He then sent Harriet away to a life of hard labor on a plantation he owned, threatening to break in her young children as field hands, seeing that they legally belonged to him. She soon ran away from the plantation and spent seven years hiding in a tiny attic crawl space in her grandmother’s house. During those seven years she put to use the skills that her first mistress had taught her, and watched over her children through a small chink in the roof. Being cramped in the attic for so long, left her permanently physically disabled. In 1842, Harriet was finally able to escape to the north, and found work as a nanny in the household of a prominent abolitionist writer, Nathaniel Parker Willis. She later on is reunited with her children in New York, and farther down the line her employer purchases her freedom from Dr. Flint. While reading this autobiography you acquire a feeling that is very unusual. Most slaves that you hear about usually have harsh lives and are extremely unhappy, but in this particular case it was the complete opposite. Harriet’s life wasn’t hard not one bit. She was never mistreated because her father’s mistress found her to be very appealing, and she didn’t have to do any hard labor. But, she also wasn’t allowed her freedom which is what she anxiously longed for. That particular entity is what places everything into perspective. At the end of the day whether she liked it or not, she was still a slave. She could not walk away from her situation, she could not undertake everything that she wanted to do, and she definitely could not enjoy her life to the fullest because she belonged to someone, and that someone was a jealous, aggressive man named Dr. Flint. Harriet Jacobs insisted on telling her story honestly and completely, determined to make white Americans aware of the sexual victimization that slave women commonly faced and to dramatize the fact that they often had no choice but to surrender their virtue. Jacobs knew that her contemporaries would see her not as a virtuous woman but as a fallen one, yet she published the story anyway. She wanted to bring light to a situation that slave women faced every day. She was an incredibly strong woman for doing so, and by directly confronting the cruel realities that plagued African American women in the late nineteenth century, Harriet’s work occupies a significant place in African American literary tradition.

Roxane qimby case

Glumly has done work a lot to make the company successful. As her business Is growing, she believes that the growth Is beyond her expertise, goals and definitely beyond Maine, and she wanted to expand It more. According to me, If Glumly stays in north Calories, there are chances that the Burst's bees might grow its business in larger scale because she has expertise in calories which they can't get in Maine. She has found marketing experts and plant engineer here which helps her to manage and run her business in more efficient way.Due to lack of her formal business training, she might able in Calories to train herself by watching the experts she hired here. Below are the some advantages for staying in North Calories: Less Taxes as was in Maine Low transport cost Central Location Less labor Intensive Expertise In marketing and plant engineering High opportunities So, keeping the above factors in mind, Quinsy should need to stay in north Calories. She should need to use her manufacturin g expertise, bird-in-hand, as a basic factor in order to expand her business more. Her strong vision also beneficial act as her trench here.She need to made the innovation in her product as she did earlier in Maine by making new designs and innovative products. So by using bird-in-hand facilities, she can survive in Calories and can expand her business that results in high profit. As we know that there is risk attach with the decision. Although they had not bear any loss yet but It is not sure that It won't happened in future because business Is not all about profits, you have to face losses as well. But keeping the following opportunities Into mind, she need to start the business here and leverage reprises or contingencies by using the using the Lemonade principle.She Is aware about the risk and the entrepreneurial skills are polished in her. So she should need to avail the opportunity while keeping the risk in mind and prepare herself for anything to make those accidents as potent ial clues for next steps. No doubt If they move to calories but they need to make the partners as discussed in the case and It Is necessary if Quinsy has desire to grow her business. By going into partnership they got some benefits, although they had not bear any loss yet butIt Is not sure that It wont happened In future because business Is not all about profits, you have to face losses as well, so if Burt bees faces such situation, the loss is into partnership she might be able to fulfill her dream by staying away from business, not for a long time but for short time on leave and make her dream into reality by staying with rural women and work on product design. Quinsy can also hire the labor back from Maine- which were working with her- and give them training of new plant and technology. By this he might feel as living in Maine.

Background checking

Different organizations that exist in the world today have different policies regarding the recruitment process they use to hire employees. Some organizations conduct background checks of the prospective employees as well before finally plan to hire them while some do not conduct such checks; however the criteria totally depend on the type of organization that is hiring employees. Therefore, there are always certain reasons due to which an organization decides to conduct background checks of the employees they aim to hire for their organization.Although these background checks can be an invasion of the person’s privacy but they always proves to be good not just for the organization but for the employees working in the organization as well. When a new employee is being hired, it is important for the organization to properly do the screening before taking the final decision as their decision either good or bad can have dire effects on the productivity level, the reputation of th e organization and its employees as well.(Leat, 2001). Some of the reasons why employers conduct background checks are to know whether they have a clean record and for this they check their criminal background whether the person has ever indulged in any unlawful activity or not as hiring a criminal would also make the other employees follow his footsteps. It is not always good to rely on a candidate while selection as it may also happen that he might omit some important information and this could make the company be at risk.Moreover, conducting background checks benefits the organizations in many ways as it will be able to compliance with the federal requirements, reduce the theft done by the employee as well as employee turnover and absenteeism rate should be checked with reference to the previous working experience of the employee. This will also result in better productivity and more qualified employees can be hired as the claim of the employee as to who they exactly are can be c onfirmed.To reap all these benefits and to avoid any mishaps, most of the employers do conduct background checks of their prospective employees. (HR Management, n. d. ). Reference HR Management. (n. d. ). Seven Reasons You Should be Conducting Background Checks. June 18th, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. hrmreport. com/article/Issue-3/Employee- Screening/Seven-Reasons-You-Should-be-Conducting-Background-Checks/ Leat,M. (2001). Exploring Employee Relations. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Anne Frank Book Summary Essay

I’ve just finished reading The Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank. Anne Frank’s diary was begun on June 14th, 1942 and her last entry was on August 1st, 1944. Her diary was mostly about the Holocaust, when her family went into hiding. Anne’s family included herself, her sister (Margot Frank), her mother (Edith Frank), and her father (Otto Frank). This story was set in Prinsengracht, Amsterdam. I chose to read this book because stories that relate to war, really interest me. It all started on Anne’s thirteenth birth, when she received a diary from her parents. She was really excited because she wanted someone or something, she could tell her thoughts to. Even though Anne had a rich social life, she felt as if people didn’t know the real her. She began writing about daily events, school, boys, etc. Within a month, her entire life changed. More and more Jewish people were getting captured and receiving call ups. Call ups mean to surrender now and go to concentration camp. The family decided to go into hiding. They moved into a little section of Anne’s father’s office building that was walled off and hidden behind a singing bookcase. It was called â€Å"the Secret Annex†. For two years, the Frank family lived in â€Å"the Secret Annex†. Mr. and Mrs. van Daan and their son Peter (a little older than Anne) were also hiding with them. Later, Mr. Dussel, an elderly dentist, moved in and Anne had to share a room with him. Anne’s whole life now revolved around getting used to hearing gunshots and bombs. She started drifting away from her family because she spent more time studying and ready instead of spending time with them. Anne started to change as she began to spend time with Peter van Daan. Around that time, she started having dreams about a bout she was in love with, another Peter, Peter Schiff. She always came to see Peter (of the Annex) more than she used to. Before, Anne thought he was an obnoxious, hypersensitive and a lazy guy, but he turned out to be sensitive and caring. Eventually their relationship changed, and they became more than friends. Another big change for Anne happened, when the war was beginning to end. She heard on the radio that â€Å"personal accounts such as her diary will be in demand after the war ends†. She than started editing her diary with excitement! Unfortunately that didn’t last long. Anne started becoming more sensitive to the world around her. She felt completely alone. She felt constantly criticized and there was no escape. At one point, Anne thought it might’ve been better if she and her family had all died instead of hiding in the Annex. Things got a lot harder on Anne. The secret Annex was raided. On the morning of August 4th, 1994, they arrested all of the people in hiding. They were first brought to a prison in Amsterdam and then transferred to Westerbork, the transit camp for Jewish people in north of Holland. They were deported on September 3rd, 1944, in the last transport to leave Westerbork, and they arrived three days later in Auschwitz (Poland). Mr. van Daan (Hermann van Pels) was gassed to death in Auschwitz in October or November 1944. Mrs. van Daan (Auguste van Pels) died at and unknown concentration camp. Peter van Daan (Peter van Pels) was forced to take part in the â€Å"death march† from Auschwitz to Mauthausen (Austria), where he died on May 5th, 1945, right before the camp started. Albert Dussel (Fritz Pfeffer) died on December 20th, 1944, in the Neuengamme concentration camp. Edith Frank died in Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 6th, 1945, from hunger and exhaustion. Margot and Anne Frank had gotten typhus, caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia prowazekii, and their bodies were dumped in the Bergen-Belsen’s (concentration camp) mass graves. The only sole survivor was Otto Frank. He was the one who published Anne’s diary. The thing is, to this day, no one knows who exposed them. Every time I read this book, it gets better every single time. It also leaves me crying about ten minutes. It also makes me realize how lucky and blessed I am. Anne was such a brave girl, I could never imagine being in her position. I give this book ten out of then, it was one the best books I’ve ever read. I definitely recommend everyone to read The Diary of a Young Girl.

Succubus Blues CHAPTER 7

I turned and saw Roman sitting over in a corner of the small lobby. He looked striking in a deep green turtleneck, his dark hair brushed away from his face. He smiled at me when I caught his eye, and I walked over to sit near him. â€Å"Jesus, you really are a stalker.† â€Å"Well, well. Aren't you presumptuous. I only came for my coat.† â€Å"Ah.† I blushed, feeling foolish. â€Å"How long have you been waiting?† â€Å"Not too long. I actually tried the bookstore first, thinking that might be a little less stalker- ish.† â€Å"It's my day off.† I looked down at the riotously colored blossoms in my arms. â€Å"Thanks for the flowers. You didn't need to bring them to get your coat back.† Roman shrugged, those blue-green eyes wreaking havoc with me. â€Å"True, but I figured they might induce you to go out for a drink tonight.† So he did have another motive. â€Å"Not this again – â€Å" â€Å"Hey, if you'd wanted to avoid ‘this,' you shouldn't have lured me in last night. Now it's too late. You might as well avoid the long, drawn-out pain and get it over with quickly. Sort of like taking off a Band-Aid. Or cutting off a limb.† â€Å"Wow. Who says there's no romance left in the world?† In spite of my sarcasm, I found Roman's easy repartee a refreshing change from the halting atmosphere with Seth. â€Å"So, what? Does that mean you finally concede, general? Truly, you've fought a worthy battle in eluding me thus far.† â€Å"I don't know. You showed up at my home. I apparently didn't do that much eluding.† When he only waited expectantly, my smile faded. I sighed, studying him and trying to figure out his motivations. â€Å"Roman, you seem like a nice guy and everything – â€Å" He groaned. â€Å"No. Don't start that with me. It's never a good sign when a woman says ‘you're a nice guy' It means she's getting ready to let you down easy.† I shook my head. â€Å"I'm just not interested in getting serious with anyone right now, that's all.† â€Å"Whoa, ‘get serious'? Slow down there, sister. I'm not asking you to marry me or anything. I just want to go out with you sometime, maybe catch a movie, have dinner and drinks, that's it. Kiss at the end of the night if I'm lucky. Hell, if that still freaks you out, we'll just shake hands.† I leaned my head back against the wall, and we stayed like that a moment, each of us sizing up the other. I knew it was perfectly possible for men and women to go out on dates without automatic sex, but my dates generally didn't work that way. My instincts drove me to seek sex out, and looking at him, I realized that urge might be strong independent of any sort of succubus need to feed. I liked the way he looked, the way he dressed, and the way he smelled. I especially liked his goofy attempt at courtship. Unfortunately, I couldn't turn off the destructive succubus absorption, even if I wanted to. It would happen of its own volition, probably strongly with him. Even the kiss he joked about would still steal some of his life away. â€Å"I don't know anything about you,† I said finally, realizing I'd been quiet too long. He smiled lazily. â€Å"What do you want to know?† â€Å"Well†¦ I don't know. What do you like to do? Do you even have a job? You must have lax hours to be able to hang around me all the time.† â€Å"All the time, huh? You're being presumptuous again, but yes, I do work. I teach a couple of community college linguistics classes. Short of when I'm there, I get to make my own hours with grading and stuff.† â€Å"Okay. What's your last name?† â€Å"Smith.† â€Å"No way.† â€Å"Way.† â€Å"That hardly goes with Duke Roman.† I tried to think of another appropriate screening item. â€Å"How long have you lived in Seattle?† â€Å"A few years.† â€Å"Hobbies?† â€Å"I've got some.† He paused and cocked his head toward me when no more questions came. â€Å"Anything else you want to know? Should I dig out my college transcripts perhaps? A full curriculum vitae and background check?† I waved a hand of dismissal. â€Å"I have no use for inconsequential information like that. I only need to know the really important stuff.† â€Å"Like?† â€Å"Like†¦ what's your favorite song?† The question obviously caught him by surprise, but he recovered immediately, just as he had last night. I loved that. â€Å"The last half of the Beatles' Abbey Road.' â€Å"The last half of Abbey Road?† â€Å"Yeah, there are a bunch of songs, but they sort of blend into one song – â€Å" I cut him off with a quick gesture. â€Å"Yeah, yeah, I know the album.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"So, that's a pretty good answer.† I tugged at my ponytail, wondering how best to navigate this. He nearly had me. â€Å"I – no. I'm sorry. I can't. It's just too complicated. Even the one date. It'll turn into a second date, then another, then – â€Å" â€Å"You really do jump ahead. What if I gave the super-secret Boy Scout promise to never bother you again after one date?† â€Å"You'd agree to that?† I asked skeptically. â€Å"Sure, if that's what you want. But I don't think you will once you've spent an evening with me.† A suggestive tone in his voice did something to my stomach I hadn't felt in a very long time. Before I could fully process this, my cell phone rang. â€Å"Sorry,† I apologized, digging it out of my purse. Glancing at the Caller ID display, I recognized Cody's number. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Hey, Georgina. Something weird happened tonight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lord. That could mean anything from another death to Peter shaving his head. â€Å"Hang on a second.† I stood up and looked at Roman, juggling the vase of flowers as I did. He rose with me, looking concerned. â€Å"Is everything okay?† â€Å"Yeah, I mean, no. I mean, I don't know. Look Roman, I need to go upstairs and take this call. I appreciate the flowers, but I just can't get involved right now. I'm sorry. It's not you, it's me. Honestly.† He took a few steps toward me as I started to walk away. â€Å"Wait.† He dug in his pockets, pulled out a pen and piece of paper. Hastily he scrawled something and handed it to me. I looked down and saw a phone number. â€Å"For when you change your mind.† â€Å"I won't.† He simply smiled, inclined his head slightly, and left the lobby. I watched him only a moment before heading upstairs, anxious to hear Cody's news. Once inside, I set the flowers on my counter and put the phone back to my ear. â€Å"Still there?† â€Å"Yeah. Who's Roman and why'd you use the old ‘it's not you, it's me' line on him?† â€Å"Never mind. What's going on? Is someone else dead?† â€Å"No†¦ no. It's just, something happened, and Peter doesn't think it's a big deal. Hugh said you thought there might be more going on than we think.† â€Å"Tell me what happened.† â€Å"I think we were followed last night.† Cody related how, not long after leaving my place, he'd kept hearing footsteps following him and Peter on the street. Whenever he'd turned around, no one was there. Peter had written the matter off, as they had sensed no other being present. â€Å"Maybe you don't know what a vampire hunter feels like.† â€Å"I'd still have felt something. And Peter certainly would have. Maybe he's right, and I was imagining things. Or maybe it was just a regular mortal, wanting to mug us or something.† I doubted that. We couldn't sense mortals the same way we could sense immortals, but one would be hard-pressed to sneak up on a vampire. â€Å"Thanks for telling me. You did the right thing.† â€Å"What should I do now?† A strange, anxious feeling played through me as I thought about some freak stalking Peter and Cody. Dysfunctional they might have been, but I loved them. They were the closest I had to family anymore. I couldn't let anything happen to them. â€Å"What Jerome said. Be careful. Stay with others. Let me know immediately if anything happens.† â€Å"What about you?† I thought of Erik. â€Å"I'm going to clear things up, once and for all.†

Cybersecurity Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cybersecurity Profile - Essay Example In conclusion, it is important to note that security controls and profiles will vary with information systems in different organizations. In this case, the security controls inherent in the Agency are crucial controls that are aimed at maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of the data and information. To achieve a complete and sound security profile, the management, operational and technical controls must be implemented to complement each other for effective results. Planning control lays a foundation for other management controls, this can be done through security policy and procedures and security plan. Basic operational controls such as security awareness and training are crucial in any organization. Through security awareness and training policy and procedures and user awareness, security can be achieved. Finally, the technical controls offer a final remedy for security concerns in the organization. Basically, the identification and authentication control is one of the effe ctive technical controls. By user identification and authentication and device identification and authentication controls, the agency can address the issue of unauthorized access. The identification and authentication procedures and guidelines in the agency require that each device is identified and authenticated before a connection is established. Confidentiality and security can easily be breached through intruding devices. The agency has a device identification and authentication procedure in place that is guided by the IRM of IRS.

American Fish Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Fish - Assignment Example Nakamura and the family were made to leave the country because the treatment they were getting while in America was not good. She explains it sadly, that her father was even forced to sell the store they had worked so hard for a living at a throwaway price. They sold it to the first buyer who was willing to buy the store (Sasaki, p. 72). From the story, after a long dance around the embarrassment of trying to figure out where they had met before, it comes clear that they had met each other in the workplace. Mrs. Hayashi was once working in Macy’s where Mrs. Nakamura was heading for work as they were parting. This explains the theory of forgetting where there were loss and decay of memory due to disuse of the information as they had parted a long time ago. Before making any referral point to individuals that I meet, I also try to get their background information rather those misleading assumptions that might lead to loss or failure of identification. By so doing, it will help in memory refresh and making of correct referral points (Sasaki, p.74). The referral points that have been made are all wrong I can say this because it is evident that there has been a war between the two countries. In addition, immigrants to America from Japan are treated poorly and to the extent to which they are forced to vacate upon orders just like a family to Mrs. Nakamura (Sasaki, p.

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Journal - Essay Example Marketing management bases on the concept of situation analysis in which the manager has to keenly analyze and closely monitor the firm so that everything runs parallel to the firm’s objectives and mission. Since it is a broad field, situation analysis divides itself into the economic, competitive, cooperative, legal, social and political environments. The economic environment It is a major determinant of how the firm survives in a competitive market. This type of environment can bring with it marketing opportunities or constraints. For example, such factors as high inflation and unemployment can limit the size of the market that can afford to purchase a firm’s top-of –the-line product (Peter and Donnelly 17). The competitive environment Firms are after a similar raw material and target at same consumers. In this environment, the management must look out for competing firms, drive competitors out of the industry and aim at offering value sensible products to the consumers. Political environment It influences how the public views the product. It composes of the business critics, the public and other organizations. To guard the corporation image, the management must satisfy the standards set to avoid criticism. ... Operations management functions The functions are categorized under design and control issues (Mahadevan 16). For the design issues, the functions are realized in product and design development. This is a major importance since it facilitates creativity in production to withstand external competitions. In addition, there is improved quality management, which helps build trust with customers. Designing is important when locating and making layouts of facilities that enables efficiency in production. For control issues, operations management is a guide for forecasting, as it understands the flow and trends of products. This helps in controlling production such that there is neither surplus nor deficit. Supply chain management is put under control since it depends on the operations management decisions. Still, the operations management helps guide the maintenance management because the operations determine how frequent the maintenance practices are carried out. With all these summed up, there is a continuous improvement of operations in a company. The operations management faces competitive pressure. This is because of technological advancement today. This can be attributed to be a major challenge. On the same note, the pressure can be from the economic reforms. Organizational design Organizational design involves two complementary problems: how to partition a big task of the whole organization and how to coordinate the subunits so that they fit together (Burton et al). The problems make organizational design a continuous executive process that requires short-term and long-term resolutions. Since it is a continuous process, a systematic approach reveals what happens Step 1: getting started Every firm has a goal and mission

Canadian farming industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canadian farming industry - Essay Example Before arriving at a conclusion on Canadian agricultural amongst different types of farmers. This distinction could be made by the banks between various types of farmers while evaluating their loan applications. Canadian heritage in agriculture depends on an integral role played by the traditional or life style farmers. The traditional farmers are alarmingly closing their hereditary agricultural business owing larger competition from larger farmers and increasing costs of inputs. In Canada, the rural migration is on increasing level since 1991. The average persons in general, who leave small town of rural area, possess higher educational qualification. It is clear that rural areas in Canada are not behind in terms of services and quality of work available. Farmers are subject to variable weather conditions of natural disaster should save and keep investment during the period of profit so they may or do not become bankrupt during the period of downswings. Despite of assistance from organizations such as income disaster assistance program, the agricultural farmers ability to stand up their legs is not improving since the profit of small farmers are shrinking so quickly as the expenditure put on harvest grows every year. Revenues form farm products are not keeping pace with escalating cost of equipments, fertilizer, transportation and pesticides. The prices food items are quietly unrelated to the expenditure put in cultivating, transporting processing and selling the food. Recent floods and droughts have made the established farmers to become debtors though they have borrowed money and invested the same in equipment and land. There are delays in getting government funds, which are in adequate to meet these types of natural calamities. There are no private insurance companies to cover insurance of farms from weather-related catastrophes. The small farmers are the looser of these natural calamities in rural Canada. Like any other traders or businessmen, farmers can ensure long term growth and stability through proper planning in changing market conditions during the periods of floods and drought so that they may not depend on the assistance and support of government. The banks are prepared to advance loans to farmers for expanding their farms or starting farms under close supervision of bankers to put the farmers on right path to success though great risk is involved. The bankers visit farms once in a year assess the progress of the investment by farmers. The farmers with a formal, viable business plan are likely to get funds form banks. In farm field, many problems are attributed to Canadian consumers refusal to recognize and pay for value added to the products produced by the small farmers. Because of this, the farmers are not able recover their investments and expenses through sales which tends them to expect government subsidies to support them. The farmers are not in a position to bear the smallest price increase in power tariff. Ontario federation of agriculture are successful in lobbying in reduction of sales tax on farm products, working with county federations to reduce or remove municipal development charges on agricultural on to buildings, reduction in electricity charges. In Canada there are