Relationship between Gender, Identity and Civil Disobedience

Relationship between Gender, individuality operator and polite DisobedienceHannah RatesGender, individuation and well-be spend a pennyd noncompliance Are they the stem to their avouch problem? complaisant policy- fashioning creations ar arguably adequate the most important and highly discussed governmental topics. Gender, one-on-oneity and well-be suck upd noncompliance ar highly relevant in modernistic place and launch everyones day to day lives. As society is changing and modernizing the roles and meanings of these three ideals are too adapting. I look to explain their similarities and differences as well as how they puzzle affected the global population with and passim write up and cut through to do so.Identity politics is a name given to policy-making positions who share the same interests and enamours of fond minority crowds in which heap grade, lots the unmarrieds have shared experiences of injustice, (Heyes, 2016a) this leads to the ch twoe nge of other authoritarian stems with the purpose comm completely being equality. Identity political stems aim to secure political liberty of a specific constituency marginalized within its broadr context. (Heyes, 2016b) Identity politics is a term that has only been used in recent history originating from roughly the 1960s. There are hundreds if not thousands of cases of minority groups who are oppressed in all over the orbit including but not limited to gay individuals, women, heathen minority groups, Muslims as well as well as umpteen other less recognized groups. Collective Identity politics has some positive effects on individuals, a feeling of solidarity with others through constructed corporate identity provides an immutable and all-encompassing group that supply an escape from the society that oppresses them. One of the biggest incorporated identity parkways in recent history is feminism, their death was to remove the opposed biological determinist views that men are stronger and smarter than women to sack equal rights which included the right to vote, reproductive and domestic rights along with some(prenominal) more. Women identifying with each other to challenge the oppression they faced created a manner for individual womens voices to be heard, although women grouped in concert they campaigned for equal rights which benefited each individual in that group. Identity save is a contested concept, where collective identity is accentuated individualism diminishes and where solidarity with a persons minority is gained it is then restricted to one group. A person may have a single identity, but it ordain be made up of many another(prenominal) levels of loyalty and identification. Identities convert, because they are establish on perceptions, which themselves change over time and environment as it is viable to identify ones self with more than one thing at a time such as class and sex activity, or religion and age. Therefore, t hither are variant elements of ones identity and which operate at different levels and these various elements in an identity may well be contradictory. (Concept of collective identity, 2015) Identity politics bathroom be destructive as it cigarette uphold people to fixate or excaudate their sense of persecution, it can also heighten the stigmatization which then instigates the effect further. Inside a minority group differences are also overlooked which in turn divides the group internally in womens rightist history, ethnic and gay libbers see themselves as having cypher in rough-cut with white straight womens rightists they then end up competing over their relative degree of victimization. (Todd, 2013) Judith Butlers argued using queer theory that the feminist nominal head only emphasised the differences between men and women by class women as individuals with the same interests and characteristics. She explained feminism as an unwitting regulation and depersonalisati on neurosis of sexual practice relations reinforcing a binary view of gender relations in which merciful beings are divided into two clear-cut groups, women and men. earlier than opening up possibilities for a person to form and choose their own individual identity. (David, no date) Judith Butlers use of queer theory in her support gender trouble has also been one of the important driving forces fag the contesting of gender.Gender is defined as either the male or female person division of a species, especially as differentiated by fond and cultural roles and behaviour. (Dictionary, 1300) As society progresses gender is becoming a multifaced concept that is constantly being challenged, the idea that sex is biological and gender is socially constructed has have a constant discussion point in the world of politics. Society is progressing with the help of technology and social media giving minority genders a voice, resulting in the world becoming more accepting of contested ide ntitys. Transgender and genderqueer individuals identifying as a group has had positive bycomes and helped to empower people. This therefore gives evidence of contested genders becoming more widely accepted. To to be able to identify with their bad-tempered gender group merely, individuals are required to succumb to specific gender labels which can then very much cause them to be treated other than and negatively by peers, loved ones and society. Throughout history many feminists have disagreed and have endorsed the sex gender distinction. Provisionally sex denotes human females and males depending on biological features (chromosomes, sex organs, hormones, and other physical features) gender denotes women and men depending on social factors (social role, position, behaviour or identity). (Mikkola, 2016) Masculine and feminine behaviour has been learnt through nurture and gender socialisation and has created many inequalitys over time. One of the main objective of feminists, main ly in the second swing movement, was to reverse the gender roles created by society. The idea that women are created to raise children and stay at legal residence doing the cleaning and cooking with a male dominated family has been a view challenged by feminists through many mass protests. Second tramp feminism also cognise as the womens liberation movement set to guide gender inequality in clubby after first wave feminism had achieved public equality, aiming to remove the idea of the public man and the private woman. During second wave feminism the personal is the political became a beat up phrase to dispute the nuclear family and family values which resulted with gender becoming political. repugn authority through elegantised disobedience became a very efficacious tactic for second wave feminists used to gain gender equality.Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing conce ssions from the government. (Brownlee, 2013a) The term originated from Henry David Thoreau in 1848 when he refused to pay the poll tax as he did not want to contribute to the funding of war and slavery. In Thoreaus essay, he justifies his actions by saying that government is best which governs least, men will someday be able to have a government that does not govern at all. As it is, government rarely proves useful or efficient. It is often ill-use and perverted so that it no longer represents the will of the people. (LLC, 2016) Throughout history courteous disobedience has been used to change societys moral parameters Gandhis salt march, gracious rights movement and suffragettes are all prime examples of instances where civil disobedience turn out to be an important mechanism for social change. (Brownlee, 2013b) John Rawls states that a civil disobedience movement must be public, non-violent, a conscientious further political act, contrary to the impartiality and it must aim to bring change to policies and the law. John Rawls suggest that the main point of the movement is that it must be conscientious, this highlights the seriousness and sincerity in which the civil disobedient break the law through their disobedience, they draw attention to draw attention to laws or policies that they entrust require reassessment or rejection. (Brownlee, 2013c) Henry David Thoreau emphasised the importance of human conscience in his 1848 essay stating we should be men first, and subjects afterwards. (Henry David Thoreau, 2017) The non- military unit aspect of civil disobedience is also an important factor of the movement as it is not only moral but strategic and more effective, an uprising is 50% more likely to fail (Fisher, 2013a) if violence is used. If a protest does become violent then that legitimizes the states use of violence in response (Fisher, 2013b) and is also less likely to have support from the public often polarizing them in support of the government. The argument that we all have the right to civil disobedience as part of our democratic rights, alongside our human right to liberty of speech are two factors believed toto encourage oppressed minority groups to verbalise out about their injustices, this is reflected by civil disobedience protests being known to gain more attention than any other forms of protest. Acts of Civil disobedience by minority groups including gender minority have been carried out passim history, one of the largest being the feminist movement. The politics of gender roles and inequality have been at the heart of all womens liberation movements especially during second wave feminism. In more recent history Polish women carried out civil disobedience in October 2016 to protest against the governments proposed ban on all abortions with women approach imprisonment if the law was broken. Tens of thousands of women missed work and school wearing all black to peacefully protest outside parliament against the L aw and Justices caller proposed ban. The mass protests caused parliament to reconsider and then reject the proposed ban. Poland already have the most restrictive laws on abortion in Europe with women only being able to have one in received circumstances, however many activists see parliaments choice to over throw the ban as a chance to gain liberation in the near future. Identity politics is a concept that runs parallel with all acts of civil disobedience, individuals identify with each other and all share the same goal which is often equality and social justice. Every civil disobedience movement emphasizes a collective notion of the good. They suggest that when we identify ourselves with something larger than our own identity, we are compelled to take action. We are driven to bring about social cleanse because we value the importance of helping others. (Enotes, 2016a) In his essay, Thoreau emphasises the importance of coming together as a collective identity as the only steerin g to achieve social reform, he also believes that all individuals should ignore their individual differences and work together towards a collective goal. Thoreau sees a persons power increase when they unify with others in the cause for social reform. (Enotes, 2016b) The second wave feminist movement and the 2016 Polish protests were both collective actions trying to gain social reform for both identity and gender through civil disobedience.Social political concepts are continuing to shape modern day society, and the absolute majority of these groups are co-dependant. The argument that collective identity diminishes individuality in that group is ongoing. Whist individualism is conceivably reduced, many civil disobedience movements entertain individuals that have different standing views on what theyre protesting against. In the case of feminism there are idea and liberal groups inside the larger feminist group. Some radical groups focus on trying to overthrow patriarchy rather than liberal feminists who try to change society to make it equal. This shows that the puree for identity within civil disobedience exceeds the concept of just gender. Although both radical and liberal feminist groups have the same common goal it highlights the flaws of collective identity as the group works against the larger movement cohesion due to their opposed views on aspects of the feminist ideology. many a(prenominal) radical feminists will not accept men to be part of their movement due to their feelings of oppression caused by a patriarchal society throughout history, this excludes men and reinforces the dichotomic view of gender relations highlighting gender differences through identity. Queer theory can be used to understand the contradicting views of both identity and gender queer theory supports the idea that gender is large-minded flowing and an expression. It contradicts collective identitys as identity consists of so many aspects, to group identities collectively based on one variable e.g. gender is wrong. A difference perspective on collective identities with regards to gender however is that it can empower many people, as more people in modern society are identifying as gay or transgender the glamorization of identity through gender has increased this holds true for many gender labels. Whilst people seek confidence by identifying with these gender labels the end result can be that individuals have restricted themselves to the stereotypical behaviour of that gender identity. Many civil disobedience movements aim to compact the stereotypical view of gender roles and behaviours showing how the three concepts not only intertwine but often provoke each other. It is clear that collective identities are sought out by individuals in order to find solidarity in a certain group, they are used to construct community and feelings of cohesion and holism, a concept to give the impression that all individuals are equal in the imagined community. Gamson argues that icy identity categories are both the basis for oppression and the basis for political power, again further outlining that civil disobedience is not only comprised by collective identitys, but that they are also a catalyst for many civil disobedience movements. Connotations associated with gender often form these collective identitys that in turn form civil disobedience. Without collective identity, civil disobedience movements would be ineffective movements are only taken seriously if its a large identity group working towards the same goals. In the example of the feminist movement and the polish protests women identified with their gender to campaign for equality however identifying in this group women have highlighted their oppression and focused the stigmatization. Although quite on the face of it linked identity does not only exist through the marinization of oppressive groups, if society was completely equal both identity and gender would ease exist and where the re is democracy there is inevitably civil disobedience.As theories and concepts identity, gender and civil disobedience all share a common quality, in that they are often co dependant in order to be effective as well as being a seemingly paradoxical solution to themselves. Whilst all three concepts seek equality identity is formed through segregation, gender is defined by its musical interval and civil disobedience can only exist with minority protesting the majority. In addition to this incongruence, comprised with all acts of politics in accordance to these concepts, ego and preconceived notion will always effect the individual, creating bias within these social groups, making the topics insolvably disputed for the future.ReferencesHeyes, C. 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