Concept Analysis of Pain

Concept Analysis of smart in the ass sensation Kwanei Holloway Austin Peay State University abstract torture has perpetually been a major compute in healthc ar. This authorship lead describe hurt as it relates to pinhead feeding, medicine, and material therapy. All of the schooling gathered is analyzed in reference to how hassle relates to hospital stay, rehabilitation, and prevention. I will ultimately give an over wholly picture of the importance of offend and how it relates to c be for as salutary as other disciplines. Introduction This forcible composition is a thought analysis of what is known as the fifth bouncy sign PAIN.As stated by Hsiao, Wu, & Chen (2013), Nursing mental faculty are the major group of healthcare professionals who perform crucial functions in delivering treat care to in patient ofs. I will attempt to describe put out as it relates to nursing, medicine, and forcible therapy. When selecting a concept, I began by ideateing what is an important figure in the nursing field and could be analyzed in to a greater extent detail. Pain is a work out that is thought of differently by mevery an(prenominal). It is a very subjective factor and that applies to the patients, medicos, and nurses.Yes, it is the patient that tints the twinge but it is the doc who writes the orders and the nurse who transcribes it. I then figured that this area of nursing employ would be a great concept to analyze. Pain is a tinge triggered in the neural system. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel nuisance in peerless area of your body, such(prenominal) as your back, venter or chest or you may feel nuisance in the neck all over, such as when your muscles ache from the flu. Pain laughingstock be useful in diagnosing a problem.With go forth pain, you might seriously hurt yourself without wise(p) it, or you might non realize you make up a medical examination examination problem that needs treatment. Once you military issue care of the problem, pain ordinarily goes away. However, sometimes pain goes on for weeks, months or even years. This is called chronic pain. sometimes chronic pain is due to an on vent trend, such as crab louse or arthritis (Pain). In the nursing field as well as whatsoever other areas of healthcare, pain is a vital factor when dealing with the delivery of care. It is the responsibility of he physician to moderate temperance from pain by writing the orders, it is the responsibility of the nurse to carry out the orders and give the pain medication, and in the area of somatogenetic therapy it is their responsibility to ensure that the patient is medicated to retrieve the best results composition in therapy. Purpose and order The purposes are to define what pain is considered to be in relationship to the patient, nurse, physician, and physical therapist. It is also, to find out the subjectiveness of the fifth vital sign and to look pain as it relates to hospitalization.Walker & Avant (2005) guided this concept analysis study. Pain in Nursing Almost 35 million patients were discharged from U. S. hospitals in 2004 of these patients, 46 percent had a working(a) procedure and 16 percent had one or more diagnostic procedures. Pain is common, and expected, after surgery. Recent selective information suggest 80 percent of patients experience pain postoperatively with among 11 and 20 percent experiencing severe pain, (Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008).There are many bestow factors as pain relates to nursing. Pain is the main factor that contributes to a psyche deciding to seek medical attention. It is very important to include this as a ramify of an assessment be get along it foundation affect so many other things. It can cause a blood pressure to be elevated, it can increase a blood glucose, and can cause an overall disturbance in the patients hospital stay or ADLs. In nursing our aim is to provide comfort and surrccome to the patients needs as a part of their overall care plan.As stated by Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008, inadequately managed pain can lead to adverse physical and psychological patient outcomes for individual patients and their families. Continuous, unrelieved pain activates the pituitary-adrenal axis, which can suppress the immune system and result in postsurgical infection and poor wound healing. Pain in Medicine medical checkup professionals have a big impact on pain as it relates to healthcare. Physicians have to generate a care plan that will ultimately be in the favor of the patient as far as relieving the pain in the most appropriate way.This is achieved by not repair consciousness, normal ADLs, and in the correct combination with other medications. The board powerfully urges physicians and surgeons to view effective pain management as a steep priority in all patients, including children, the elderly, and patients who are terminally ill. Pain should be assessed and treated promptly, effectively and for as long as pain persists. The medical management of pain should be based on up-to-date association about pain, pain assessment and pain treatment (Guidelines for prescribing, 2007).Nociception is the term employ to describe the neural processes by which a noxious substance or a create from raw stuff damaging event such as surgical incision is perceived as pain (Fig 1). This is described in quatern stages, transduction, transmission, perception and modulation. Nociception involves a complex interaction between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and important nervous system (CNS) as well as an evaluation of patients pre and post-operative psychological and environmental influences (Wood, 2010). Pain in sensual TherapyDue to factors such as surgery, stroke, or basic deconditioning there is a need for rehabilitation. personal Therapist play an essential role in the patients road to recovery. A patient-centered rehabilitative approach th at emphasizes restoration of normal be givenment and function incorporates physical therapy as a vital component of the collaborative approach needed for effective pain management (Physical therapy for, 1998). Overall therapy is lessened with pain. Patients move slower and are less involved with therapy if pain is present.Therapy is put into enjoin to get those muscles moving and to later decrease pain as it relates to lend factors. These factors may include surgeries (hip or knee replacements), amputations (AKA, BKA, Metatarsal, and digital), and weakness (from CVA, CABG, and decrease movements). Patients with pain perceive an equivalent level of exertion at a importantly lower level of performance, a finding accounted for by both(prenominal) central (cardiorespiratory) and peripheral (muscle strength and recruitment) factors.Inactivity also deprives bones, joint cartilage, and connective tissue of the mechanised stress necessary to maintain tensile and compressive strength an d elasticity. Evidence is expression that motor control and proprioceptive efficiency are altered, balance is compromised, and response times are slower in persons who are unfit or have pain (Physical therapy for, 1998). Essential/Critical AttributesAccording to Cheng, Foster & Huang, (2003) the faultfinding attributes of pain include (a) unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meanings for an individual (b) an individual human experience (c) a state of feeling in both sensation and emotion (verbal), and behavioral components (d) physical and psychological responses to the stimulus (e) function of pain, including protective and warning signs (f) pain responses are learned and influenced by personality, environment, emotions, social and culture. Model Case Mrs.K is a 37 year older female with recent diagnosis of breast cancer. She has recently undergone a mastectomy and is now in the hospital for recovery. Upon the nurses periodical rounds she discover Mrs. K crying, when asked what the nurse could do to help she stated that I am in pain and cant believe that I just now have one breast now, Im ugly and would have never thought it would hurt this bad. The nurse consoled her and brought pain meds. When returning the patient thanked the nurse for the talk and she stated that the pain had eased and she always thought she would have breast cancer due to both her florists chrysanthemum and grandmother having it.Related Case Mrs. T is a 35 year old female with breast soreness and discharge. She was found to only have fibroid tissue and nothing metastatic in her breast, but due to family history she select to have bilateral mastectomies. She was ordered a PCA pump due to hourly pain calls and when the nurse entered the room she was crying c/o persisting pain. She states I cant take this pain and I nauseate I did this. The nurse took time to talk with the patient and informed the physi cian of her crying and got new orders.During the nurses hourly rounds she found her sitting up on the phone and she explained to the nurse that she feels better and glad that she had the surgery because she did not expect to go through what her mother and grandmother went through with breast cancer. differentiateback Case Mr. M is a 45 year old that had a motor vehicle accident when he was 20 and is now going from hospital to hospital to try to get IV pain medication. He complains of back pain but x-ray results does not show any back issues but due to out of control behavior he is admitted and given pain medication. He refuses all by mouth pain meds and demands IV meds.He does not show any signs of pain when assessed and all staff believes him to be addicted to pain medication. A psych consult is ordered. This patient is not in true pain but has psychiatric issues. Antecedents and Consequences For this particular concept the antecedents and consequences would be all interrelated due to the fact that in nursing, medicine, and physical therapy the same factors apply for pain. Environmental, personal and cultural values act as antecedents related to the concept of pain. The consequences of pain are related to pain reaction and the individuals own interpretation of the meaning of pain.Pain reaction has a more physical and biological focus coping with pain refers to the perception of pain and is psychologically foc apply (Cheng, Foster Huang, 2003). When thinking of environmental, personal, and cultural values you begin to think of things such as the patients comorbidities, what the patient perceives as pain, and in their culture how is pain thought of. In many cultures it may be thought of that you essential tolerate pain as long as you can while in other cultures their pain threshold is low so any uncomfortable feeling renders a pain medication.Consequences ultimately come from the patient themselves, what is perceived as pain and their history of pain. For example, a patient that has had a laminectomy may think because the pain was horrific the first time that it will be the same the next time, expecting the same relief factors even if the pain is not the same. Empirical Referents Empirical Referents are stated as what it used to measure the concept. Pain is very subjective and they have yet to cast an objective test that will give you the accuracy of some ones pain. They are measured by a scaling system.Most surpasss make pain measurable, and can tell providers whether your pain is mild, moderate or severe. They can also set baselines and trends for your pain, making it easier to find appropriate treatments. This includes the Numerical Rating scale communicate for a pain rating on a scale of 1-10, the Wong-Baker scale which will include facial expressions to emphasize pain, or the Verbal-rating scale and in this scale the patient must complete a questionnaire to describe their pain in more detail (Jacques, 2010). Implications in Nursing In nursing pain is a major factor in treating the patient as it relates to the overall hospitalization.How are we able to get the blood pressure toss off if the patient is in constant pain? or how can I discharge a patient when they are in a attractor of pain? Implications in nursing goes for all aspects of nursing from skin fair play to normal ADLs. A patient may not turn as they should because they are in the fetal position due to pain which could cause skin issues or pain will cause them not to take a bath as usual. Pain can even cause depression as it decreases normal functioning. This concept is very important in the nursing field and should be treated and assessed appropriately.Conclusion In conclusion I chose to analyze pain as it relates to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. It is a major factor in that it is related to all aspects of care that is received by these disciplines. Pain is the main contributing factor that causes someone to seek medical attentio n. Without pain we could have serious issues being that we would not know when were sick, burned, or injured. Pain is very important in healthcare and applies to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. References Desai, G. , Chaturvedi, S. (2012). Pain with no cause urses perception. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(3), 162. Retrieved from http//www. medknow. com Hsiao, J. L. , Wu, W. C. , & Chen , R. F. (2013). Factors of accepting pain management decision support systems by nurse anesthetists. BMC Medical informatics and Decision Making, 13, 16. Retrieved from http//www. biomedcentral. com/bmcmedinformdecismak/ (n. d. ). Pain. Med Plus Trusted Information for You, Retrieved from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/pain. html Walker, L. & Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory look in nursing (4th ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Wells, N. , Pasero, C. , & McCaffery, M. (2008). Improving the whole tone of care through pain assessment and management. Patient Safety and look An evidence based handbook for nursing, Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK2658/ (2007). Guidelines for prescribing controlled substances for pain. Medical Board of California, Retrieved from http//www. mbc. ca. gov/pain_guidelines. html Wood, S. (2010). rate operative pain 1 Understanding the factors affecting patients experiences of pain. Retrieved from http//www. nursingtimes. et/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/pain-management/post-operative-pain-1-understanding-the-factors-affecting-patients-experiences-of-pain/5021696. article (1998). Physical therapy for chronic pain. 6(3), Retrieved from www. iasp-pain. org/AM/TemplateRedirect. cfm? template=/CM/ Cheng, S. , Foster, R. , & Huang, C. (2003). Concept analysis of pain. Retrieved from www. tzuchi. com. tw/ saddle/DivIntro/nursing/content/92-3/3. Jacques, E. (2010). Using pain scales to effectively communicate pain intensity. Can you rate your pain? , Retrieved from http//pain. about. com/od/testingd iagnosis/a/pain_scales. htm